the invocation of poetic figures in mahmoud darwish’s poetry

tradition has primary importance in modern arabic poetry, and invoking traditional elements is a remarkably invaluable poetic source. tradition has many resources among which literary tradition is a rich storehouseon whichpoets deeply rely. literary tradition contains many elements among which poetic figures are probably the most influential and inspirational. this article attempts to study the poetic figures invoked by mahmoud darwish. darwish invokes like-minded poets who have undergone similar experience.among the poets invoked by darwish, one can name imru' al-qais, djamil bin ma‘mar, al-mutanabbi, abu firas, among many others. these figures are placedin two frameworks: in the first oneas minor characters,and in the second one as main characters in a certain ode.